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A synthesis of research activities at the Fisheries Centre on ecosystem-based fisheries modelling and assessment with emphasis on the Northern and Central Coast of BC

Publication

Fisheries Centre Research Reports, Vol. 15 No. 1 Pages: 32pp
2007 | FCRR 15(1)

DIRECTOR'S FOREWORD

This report reviews ecosystem modelling and related work performed in the last decade on marine ecosystems of British Columbia. While many of our activities are global in scope and entail field work on other continents, we are equally committed to addressing the marine challenges of our home province. In fact, as the numerous references in this report indicate, the Fisheries Centre has worked extensively on British Columbia freshwater and marine ecosystems, which is especially evident from the number of theses of our graduate students. This research, however, has been under-utilised by outside institutions.

We therefore embraced the opportunity when Jack Mathias, as Senior Policy Advisor, Department of Fisheries and Oceans of Canada (DFO) Oceans Planning, gave us a small grant to review the work of the Fisheries Centre on ecosystem-based modelling and management within BC. Upon his agreement to disseminate this study beyond DFO, we edited this Fisheries Centre Research Report. This report synthesises past work and also scopes out future work to stimulate the transition, in BC and elsewhere, of fisheries management to ecosystem perspective.

We are thrilled to share this report on BC marine ecosystems with other institutions who may benefit by connecting it to their own activities, e.g., setting up marine protected areas along parts of the BC coast. The bulk of the work cited herein and the report itself are available from our website (www.fisheries.ubc.ca). We encourage those interested to contact the authors of this report and other Fisheries Centre researchers to clarify any issues related to the marine and freshwater ecosystems of BC and their modelling.

It is in this collaborative spirit that I invite you to read this report, which highlights the areas that we know well, so that together we can fill in the gaps with effective solutions that track and maintain marine ecosystem health to keep British Columbia beautiful!

Daniel Pauly
Director Fisheries Centre, UBC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Director's foreword 1
Executive summary 2
1. Introduction 3
2. Comprehensive catch as a pre-requisite to ecosystem-based management 4

2.1 Problem statement, with emphasis on BC 4

2.2 Methods for estimating unreported catches 4

2.3 Native fishery and First Nations footprint at European contact 5
3. Ecosystem modelling 5
  3.1 Ecopath with Ecosim 5
     Ecosim: time-dynamic simulations 6
     Stanzas 6
     Predator-prey relationship 6
     Trophic mediation 6
     Accounting for climate variations 7
     Nutrient loading 7
     Fishing and fleet dynamics 7
     Policy search 8
     Ecospace: including the spatial structure 8

3.2 Ecosystem delineation 9

3.3 Available models of the northeast Pacific 10

3.4 Questions that have been addressed 10
     Status of the ecosystem 10
      Effects of fishing and climate 10
      Fisheries management scenarios and policy search 13
      Usefulness of marine reserves 13
4. Rebuilding value and Back To The Future approach 14
  4.1 Local and traditional environmental knowledge 15

4.2 Models developed 16
      Northern BC model 16

4.3 Including long-term climate 17

4.4 Fleet dynamics 17

4.5 Policy search 18
      Valuation 18
5. Ecosystem status 20
6. Socio-economic models 22

6.1 Valuations of 'goods and services' from the marine environment 22

6.2 Socio-economic models of resource use 23

6.3 BC case studies of valuation 24
7. Conclusion 25
Acknowledgements 26
References 26

a place of mind, The University of British Columbia

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Vancouver, BC
Canada
V6T 1Z4
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Fax 604-822-8934
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